Last name SHAH: origin and meaning

Shah : 1: Indian (Gujarat Rajasthan): Bania Vani and Jain name from Gujarati sah ‘merchant’ (from Sanskrit sādhu ‘honest good’). The original form of this name was Sah; it appears to have been altered under the influence of the Persian word for ‘king’ (see 2 below).2: Pakistani Afghanistani Bangladeshi Iranian and Muslim (also common among African Americans): from the Persian royal title shāh ‘king’.

Source : DAFN2 : Dictionary of American Family Names 2nd edition, ©2022 by Patrick Hanks and Oxford University Press
FANBI : The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain, ©2021, University of the West of England

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